Dr Sarah Jane Fox

Dr Fox is a practitioner-academic who has held senior management roles, external to and within HE – including as the Head of Department and as the director of various research institutes. Sarah Jane commenced her career in transport and law enforcement, and she remains active in both areas. This includes working extensively in police developments – which has included advising and leading on the training of police; Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) and ethics/standards. Dr Fox’s specialism relates to movements and mobility, which spans various transport modes/systems, technologies, as well as governance (e.g. policing and jurisdictions) and includes physical and virtual aspects. Dr Fox is internationally recognised for her expertise, particularly in relation to aviation/UAV’s/autonomous systems and (outer) space. In 2015/2016 she received the distinguished Fulbright Commission (12-month) research accolade, which due to the risk elements, was also supported by Lloyd’s of London.

Sarah Jane has presented her research findings across the globe, including at the United Nations (United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA); The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC); ITU; WSIS;  EU; Council of Europe. She remains a leading adviser to various government bodies – across transport, aviation, policing and the impact of emerging technologies (in the physical and virtual space). This includes, as a consultant-adviser to MAVCOM (aviation/air law); a listed expert with the EU/UK Parliament and for a Europol body (transport; technology, and law/police related). Sarah Jane also sits as a adviser/member of the International Advisory Committee of the International Commission on Cyber Security Law and is a Member of the Editorial Board for the related journal. Dr Fox is a mentor to the UN on gender equality/mainstreaming and access to education/employment and technologies.

Other highlights:

• Associate Professor: Law and Policing
• Acting Head of Law and Criminology (across Law and Justice/Criminology)
• The Director of the Centre of Professional Policing (CoPP).
• Together with her co-Director, she also launched the Online Harms and Cyber Crime (research) Unit (OHCCU) – at the House of Lords.Sarah Jane was also the Deputy Director for the research Institute for Connected Communities (ICC).
• Established the ‘Tri-Com’ initiative, alongside the ‘Pathways into Policing’ and Community Action: ‘Promoting Partnerships to Problem Solve’ (CAPPs) which was supported by the Metropolitan Police Service and the Mayor of London.

Dr Fox’s research is across law/policy but is also multidisciplinary. Her research crosses physical and virtual movements with much of her current research focussing on technology (challenges and opportunities) and society; including transport modes and autonomous systems – such as drones (UAV’s) transport safety and security (road and air) space use (law and policy); cyber perpetration and penetration and evolution/revolution (societal acceptance and anthropology). In 2015-16, she achieved funding (12-months) from the Fulbright Commission to research in the US, which related to aviation/UAV’s/space and included policing/security/risk aspects. Sarah Jane has worked on a number of EU projects relating to transport modes/systems (road; air; maritime) and she has also consulted on a number of projects including: the Christie reform (policing revisions); Lord Shipley’s (transport connectivity); and more broadly, safety/security/accessibility/risks – challenges & opportunities relating to transport (and movements), which recently relates to autonomous systems - e.g. including Future Flight Challenge(s). Sarah Jane has also undertaken projects relating to vulnerabilities; and, security/terrorism in the critical infrastructure.

Research areas:

• Law, policy and geopolitics
• Movements across borders/boundaries (physical/virtual)
• Autonomous vehicles/systems – including UAV’s
• Aviation & Space - Air Law/Space Law and Policies (including UAV’s)
• Technology, cyber-systems, social acceptance, contemporary challenges
• Other transport law and policy areas/modes
• Safety, security and (counter) terrorism
• Transport (extensive: including – safer/secure roads, driver training, offences, intelligent solutions, etc.)
• Sustainability (including environmental factors)
• Criminal Law, criminal justice and policing (including professional standards and ethics)

Papers since 2020

• Fox, S.J. (2020) The ‘risk’ of disruptive technology today (A case study of aviation – Enter the drone), Technology in Society (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101304
• Fox, S. J. & Martín-Domingo, L. (2020) EU Air Passengers’ Rights Past, Present, and Future: In an Uncertain World (Regulation (EC) 261/2004: Evaluation and Case Study), 85 J. Air L. & Com. (September 2020).
• Fox, S. J. (2020) An ‘obligation’ to provide air travel: In the Covid-19 era (A European perspective) 20 Issues Aviation L. & Pol’y 27.
• Fox, S. J. (2020) Tracking the position: Global satellite navigations in Europe. Expanding man's understanding - ‘GALILEO: 2020!’ Communications Law Vol. 25, No. 4, 191-208.
• Fox, S. J. (2021). Evolution: Police Cooperation in the EU. European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance (published online ahead of print 2021), https://doi.org/10.1163/22134514-bja10020 8 (2021) 396-428.
• Fox, S. J. (2021) "Past Attacks, Future Risks: Where Are We 20-years After 9/11?" Journal of Strategic Security 14, no. 3 (2021) : 112-157. https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.14.3.1964
  
• Fox, S. J. (2021) The nexus between resources and criminal activities: ‘Recycling Crimes’ (Metals) Resources Policy (Volume 74, December 2021, 102377).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102377
• Fox, S. J. (2021) Past Events: in hindsight! 20 years after - 9/11. Issues in Aviation Law and Policy Vol. 21, No.1, Autumn 2021. 85-122.
• Fox, S. J. (2022) Roam Like At Home! The mobile phone and the EU consumer market.

Communications Law (in press)

• Fox, S. J. (2022) DRONES: Foreseeing…. a ‘risky’ business? Policing the challenge that flies above. Technology in Society (August: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102089)
• Fox, S. J. (2022) ‘Exploiting – land, sea and space: Mineral Superpower’ In the name of peace: A critical race to protect the depths and heights. Vol. 79, December 2022 Resources Policy
• Fox, S. J. (2022) Securing the “Space” Above Us: Reflections on the Past – to Consider Tomorrow’s Challenges . . . Today. Issue in Aviation Law and Policy Vol. 22 Autumn 2022. Number 1. 35-65.
• Fox, S. J.  (2022/23) Road Safety – A Global Emergency; The EU Direction of Travel (In the Covid-19 era) European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance. Vol. 10 47-80.  https://brill.com/view/journals/ejcl/10/1/article-p47_002.xml#d102758173e1124  
• Fox, S. J. (in press – 88.4 issue, 2023) The UK's 'appetite' for Space: An Increased Craving! Journal of Air Law and Commerce

Papers before 2020

• Coventry University Research Output: https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/searchAll/index/?search=Sarah+Jane+Fox&pageSize=25&showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&searchBy=PartOfNameOrTitle
• Middlesex University Repository: eprints https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/view/creators/Fox=3ASarah_Jane=3A=3A.html
• University of East London Repository: https://repository.uel.ac.uk/repository/search?q=Sarah+Jane+Fox
• Researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sarah-Jane-Fox/research
• Scopus Reference: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56435334500

Press Papers

• Financial Director: Struggling in a period of uncertainty: Flying the flag for ‘business’ unity 10 April, 2019
• The Conversation: Line of Duty: How the police actually catch bent coppers 30 April, 2021
• 360Info: Road Deaths are like a Pandemic, December 2022
  

Policing – Policing Insight Publications (author)

• A ‘new’ approach to research: The London-focused policing research network  November, 2018
• Policing degrees: New top up degree for serving officers means ‘no-one gets left behind’ September 2019
• Tri-Com: Putting our thinking ‘CAPPs’ on to problem solve: Feb. 2020
• International Women’s Day: Women in Policing – the Power to Empower 8 March, 2021
• Recognition Regardless of Role: Celebrating Public Service Day in 2021
• International day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women: ‘Let’s orange the world’ 25 November, 2021
• International Women’s Day: Imagine a Gender Equal World – 2022
• UNiTE! – Activism to end violence against women and girls – November, 2022
• International Women’s Day 2023: Gender Equality in policing, innovation and technology March, 2023
• Blueline: Degree students learn crime prevention from the Metropolitan Police Service

Journal Papers

• Fox, S. J. (2011) ‘Following carbon footprints.’ FOCUS (CILT). Vol. 13. 11.
• Fox, S. J. (2014) ‘Safety & Security: The influence of 9/11 to the EU Framework.’ Research in Transportation Economics – Special Edition DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2014.07.004 Vol. 45 (2014), pp. 24–33
• Fox, S. J. (2014) The evolution of aviation: In times of war and peace – blood tears and salvation! International Journal on World Peace (2014) Vol. XXXI No. 4 Dec. pp. 49-79
• Fox, S. J. (2015) ‘CONTEST’ing Chicago. Origins and Reflections: Lest we forget! International Journal of Private Law, (2015) Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 73-98
• Fox, S. J. (2015) ‘To practice justice and right’ – international aviation liability: have lessons been learnt? International Journal of Public Law and Policy, (2015) Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 162-182. DOI: 10.1504/1JPLAP.2015.071027
• Fox, S. J. & Ismail, R., (2016) ASEAN Open Skies – Aviation Development in 2015: ‘Blue or cloudy skies? Annals of Air and Space Law. Vol. XL. Pp. 607-654
• Fox, S. J. (2016) Single European Skies: functional airspace blocks: Delays and Responses. Air and Space Law. Vol. 41, no. 3 (2016): 201-228
• Fox, S. (2016) Aligning (EU) Policies: A flying reform in Higher Education - The development of aviation professionals. International Journal of Aviation Management, Vol. 3, No. 1. 2016
• Fox, S. J. (2016) SPACE: The race for mineral rights. ‘The sky is no longer the limit.’ Lessons from Earth. Resources Policy (2016) Vol. 49, September 2016, Pages 165-178.
• Fox, S. J. (2016) Flying challenges for the future: Aviation preparedness – in the face of cyber-terrorism. Journal of Transportation Security. (Part delivered to UN): First published online Sept. 2016. December 2016, Volume 9, Issue 3, pp 191–218.
• Fox, S. J. (2016) BREXIT: A bolt from the blue! – Red sky in the morning? Issues in Aviation Law and Policy. Volume 16, No. 1. Autumn, 2016, pp 83-119.
• Fox, S. J. (2016) Green and level playing fields: A paradox of virtues. DUMPING – Anti-competitiveness. Int. J. Public Law and Policy, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2016, 333-367
• Fox, S. J. & Ismail, R (2017) The skies the limit! – Open Skies with limitations.  European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance. Vol. 4, 2017, 7-42
• Fox, S. J. & Ismail, R (2017) The skies the limit! Collaborating to open the skies with China – Challenges and opportunities.  European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance – 4 (2017) pp 387-422
• Fox, S. J. (2017) THE RISE OF THE DRONES: Framework and Governance – Why risk it! 82 J. Air L. & Com. 683-715
• Fox, S. J. (2017) Borderless skies! Sovereign dominance, Regionalism: Lessons from Europe. IJWP, Vol. XXXIV, No. 4 (2017) pp 9-41
• Fox, S. J. (2017) “Mobility and Movement Are ‘Our’ Fundamental Rights”. . . Safety & Security – Risk, Choice & Conflict! Issues in Aviation Law and Policy. Volume 17 No. 1. Autumn, 2017, pp 7-43
• Fox, S. J. (2018) Policing - the technological revolution: Opportunities & Challenges! ….. Technology in Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.09.006 (online). Printed in Technology in Society 56 (2019) 69-78. (Linked to presentation at the UN – March 2018)
• Fox, S. J. (2019) POLICING: MONITORING, INVESTIGATING and PROSECUTING: Drones. European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 6 (2019) 1-57
• Fox, S. J. (2019) Policing aviation and keeping peace: intelligence-fed security. International Journal on World Peace. Vol. XXXVI, No.1 (March - 2019) pp. 63-92
• Fox, S. J. (2019) Positioning the Drone:  Policing the Risky Skies, Issues in Aviation Law and Policy. Volume 18, Issue 2. Pp 295-332.
• Fox, S. J. & Martín-Domingo, L. (2019) EU Enforcement Mechanisms: Passenger Rights EC Regulation 261/2004. Annals of Air and Space Law. XLIII pp. 167-202
• Fox, S. J. (2019/2020) Policing Mining: in outer-space Greed and Domination vs. Peace and Equity A governance for humanity! Resources Policy 64 101517
• Fox, S.J. (2020) The ‘risk’ of disruptive technology today (A case study of aviation – Enter the drone), Technology in Society (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101304.
• Fox, S. J. & Martín-Domingo, L. (2020) EU Air Passengers’ Rights Past, Present, and Future: In an Uncertain World (Regulation (EC) 261/2004: Evaluation and Case Study), 85 J. Air L. & Com. (September 2020).
• Fox, S. J. (2020) An ‘obligation’ to provide air travel: In the Covid-19 era (A European perspective) 20 Issues Aviation L. & Pol’y 27.
• Fox, S. J. Tracking the position: Global satellite navigations in Europe. Expanding man's understanding - ‘GALILEO: 2020!’ Communications Law Vol. 25, No. 4, 2020. 191-208.
• Fox, S. J. (2021). Evolution: Police Cooperation in the EU. European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance (published online ahead of print 2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/22134514-bja10020 8 (2021) 396-428.
• Fox, S. J. (2021) "Past Attacks, Future Risks: Where Are We 20-years After 9/11?" Journal of Strategic Security 14, no. 3 (2021) : 112-157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.14.3.1964
  Available at: https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol14/iss3/6
• Fox, S. J. (2021) The nexus between resources and criminal activities: ‘Recycling Crimes’ (Metals) Resources Policy (Volume 74, December 2021, 102377). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102377
• Fox, S. J. (2021) Past Events: in hindsight! 20 years after - 9/11. Issues in Aviation Law and Policy Vol. 21, No.1, Autumn 2021. 85-122.
• Fox, S. J. (2022) Roam Like At Home! The mobile phone and the EU consumer market.

ORCID reference: 0000-0002-5317-4982

Dr Fox has supervised a vast number of students to completion across various law/policy/management areas.

Specialist supervision areas:

• Aviation: Air Law and Policies/Politics (including UAV's)
• Space: Law, Policies and Politics; space developments; sustainability and commercialisation (e.g. mining, satellites; space travel etc.).
• Security and Terrorism: particularly related to transport (e.g. aviation and 9/11) and space, cyber, and open spaces)
• Mobility, Movement and Transport (aviation/road/(outer) space); Autonomous and Connected Systems; Communications, and virtual movements (law/policies: EU/International/UK and other jurisdictions)
• Space: defence; European Space Agency; UKSA; NASA; etc.
• Emerging Technologies and Societal Challenges
• Risk (challenges and opportunities)
• International policing and security
• Policing/Criminology/Crime and Criminal/related police Laws and Policies including organised crime, cyber-crime; cross border elements and data sharing
• Migration, Home affairs, and Rights (equality)
• Shipping laws (mining and interdictions)

Undergraduate

• EU Law
• Analysing Law
• Law Justice and Society

Postgraduate

• LW7025 Introduction to International Space Law
• LW7086 Commercialising Space

• The future of transport: Aviation/UAV’s/other transport autonomous systems
• (Outer) space law and policies
• Mining in space
• Safety/security in transport (physical/virtual applications)
• Policing evolving technologies
• Future of policing

• Distinguished Fulbright post-doctoral professorial scholar (2015-2016) – supported also by Lloyd’s of London
• Board Member of the International Advisory Committee of the International Commission on Cyber Security Law
• Board Member - Lloyd’s of London – LTRF Trustee (Research-Charity)
• Malaysian Aviation Commission (MAVCOM) – adviser
• Vice-President - Institute of Driver Education Research (IDER)
• Director – Online Harms and Cyber Crime Unit (OHCCU)
• Adviser to UK (Select) and EU Parliaments – Transport (movement)
• UN (Mentor) – Gender Mainstreaming (ICT’s and Technology advocate)

Visiting Professor

• US: DePaul University, Chicago
• India: Visiting Professor/Adviser - GD Goenka University | Cyberlaw University

Memberships to Professional bodies

• SFHEA – Senior Fellow Advance
• FCMI – Fellow of the Chartered Management Institute
• FCILT – Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport
• MCIHT – Member of the Chartered Institution of Highways & Transportation
• Member of the Institute of Transport Managers
• MEALA – European Aviation Law Association
• EU – Air and Seaports (Policing)
• Member of the Society of Evidence Based Policing (SEBP)
• Member College of Policing – Full Police Membership

(For consultancy work see above in research)

• Fulbright Commission | Lloyd’s of London
• Services to policing

Since 2020

United Nations

• Cyberlaw, Cybercrime & Cybersecurity: Expert Panel and Presentation (challenges in a Covid-19 environment. 13 July 2020
• Ava Good Life: Cybercrimes in 2020 – New Avatars and Approaches. 26 November, 2020
• Goodbye 2020 ….. Hello 2021 - Cyber Attacks Post Advent of Coronavirus – Impact, Challenges & Responses. 27 November, 2020
• Europol – Law and Policing Challenges – UAV’s (14, April, 2021): expert - keynote speaker
• NISSMAT International - Misuse of Technology Impact on Privacy of Users, (expert - keynote speaker), 19 August, 2021
• India: Judge for the 2^nd GDGU International Virtual Law and Technology Mooting Competition. 28-29 August, 2021
• World Border Security: Drugs and Smuggling – The risk of drones….. yesterday, today and tomorrow, (expert – keynote speaker) 14 October 2021
• Plenary Session on Cryptocurrency; Regulations and Challenges and at the Valedictory session – International Conference (India) on Law and Technology. 29 December 2021.

International Conference on Cyberlaw, Cybercrime and Cybersecurity (India) – Nov, 2021

• Key Speech (opening ceremony) Technological misuse (…. with criminal intent)

plus:

• Who’s watching me, watching you? Balancing: technology; security and privacy
• Did you hear me? Can I say that? Free Speech on the Internet

2022

• UN (Geneva) – Speaker: Thematic Workshop entitled “Round Table on Cyberlaw, Cybercrime & Cybersecurity” – 26 April, 2022
• EU – 30 November – 1^st December 2022 Presentation: Looking Up. The Sky and Beyond – today and in the future
• UN (United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs) – Presentation at the United Nations International Meeting on the Applications of Global Navigation Satellite Systems 5-9 December 2022

2023: United Nations

• 17 and 19 April: UN Office of Drugs and Crime Round Table event - on Cybercrime And Technical Assistance & Cyber Challenges and (criminal) Risks (including the lack of legislation).
• 4 May: UN-ITU: in relation to the Metaverse, Cyber Security & Cybercrime
• 15 May - UN-ITU: Cyber trends and challenges
• 4 May – Sarah Jane had the prestigious honour of being accepted and then organising and leading an UN (ITU) event, entitled: 'Working together to sustain our future - what space has to offer and how we protect it' 

PhD and Masters (LLM distinction): Law (Policy)