Dr Fernando Schlindwein

Dr. Schlindwein is a Electrical/Electronic Engineer (Chartered by IPEM) with an MSc in Biomedical Engineering a PhD in Surgery and a DSc in Biomedical Engineering. He has some 40 years’ experience in signal processing / real-time signal processing applied to Medical Signals. His current research focus is on cardiac arrhythmias especially Atrial and Ventricular Fibrillation. He has been awarded more than £3M in grants (as PI or Co-I) and supervised 17 PhD students and more than 40 MSc students as principal supervisor. He is a Reader of Bioengineering School of Engineering and an Honorary Reader in Cardiovascular Sciences (Medical School) at the University of Leicester England UK. Dr. Schlindwein has an h-index of 27 (Google Scholar); 100+ journal papers 240+ refereed conference papers and 3 book chapters) - Available from my webpage and public services (ResearchGate / Google Scholar/ Scopus AuthorID). Dr. Schlindwein's current research interests are real-time digital signal processing of biological signals with particular interest in ECG analysis and cardiac arrhythmias.

I have an active MRC project worth £1M+, "Development of a successful novel technology for sudden cardiac death risk stratification for clinical use - LifeMap" and another £840k, "LifeMap – Quality-assurance User-focussed Evaluation of Safety and Tolerability (LifeMap-QUEST): developing LifeMap-Vest and LifeMap-Compute for exercise assessment with optimised digital ECG recording for sudden death risk stratification" Invention for Innovation project, both with Prof. G. Andre Ng (Cardiology) and Dr. Xin Li (Engineering). On ECG analysis the emphasis has been on signal processing of the electrical activation of the heart especially the atria during Atrial Fibrillation in close collaboration with Professor André Ng, Dr. Xin Li and Dr. Tiago Paggi de Almeida (Cardiovascular Sciences Leicester Glenfield Hospital), Dr. Frederique Jos Vanheusden NTU UK and researchers from Brazil (Dr. João Salinet, ABC University, Dr. João Luiz Dihl Comba, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and Dr. João Paulo do Vale Madeiro, Universidade Federal do Ceará), Dr. Anita Ahmad (Malaysia), Prof. Maria de la Salud Guillem Sánchez, Universitat Politècnica de València Spain and my current PhD students Miss Saaima Ahmad, Mr. Marko Mäkynen, Miss Hongfei Chen and Mr. Ismail Rumi. A full list of my publications is available on my public profiles at Research Gate or Google Scholar.

 Xin Li, Fernando Soares Schlindwein, Jichao Zhao, Martin Bishop and G. Andre Ng, “Exploring Mechanisms of Cardiac Rhythm Disturbances Using Novel Computational Methods: Prediction, Classification, and Therapy”, Editorial: Frontiers in Physiology - Cardiac Electrophysiology (IF: 4.755), https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1155857, 10 February 2023.

Ahsan H Khandoker, Paolo Castiglioni, Joseph L Greenstein, Jichao Zhao, Fernando Soares Schlindwein, Mohamed Elgendi, Raimond L Winslow, Zbigniew R. Struzik, Editorial on Methods and Applications in Computational Physiology and Medicine, Frontiers in Physiology - Cardiac Electrophysiology (IF: 4.755) https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1092227, 24 November 2022.

Marko Mäkynen, Fernando S. Schlindwein, Wearable Devices Combined with Artificial Intelligence - a Future Technology for Atrial Fibrillation Detection? Sensors, (IF: 3.576) https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228588, 08 November 2022.

Joseph Barker, Xin Li, Sarah Khavandi, David Koeckerling, Akash Mavilakandy, Coral Pepper, Vasiliki Bountziouka, Long Chen, Ahmed Kotb, Ibrahim Antoun, John Mansir, Karl Smith-Byrne, Fernando S. Schlindwein, Harshil Dhutia, Ivan Tyukin, William B. Nicolson, G. Andre Ng, Machine learning in sudden cardiac death risk prediction: a systematic review, EP Europace, (IF: 5.231) https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euac135, 25 August 2022.

Mahmoud Ehnesh; Xin Li; Tiago P. Almeida; Gavin S. Chu; Nawshin Dastagir; P. J. Stafford; G. André Ng; Fernando S. Schlindwein, Evaluating Spatial Disparities of Rotor Sites and High Dominant Frequency Regions During Catheter Ablation for PersAF Patients Targeting High Dominant Frequency Sites Using Non-Contacting Mapping, Frontiers in Physiology - Cardiac Electrophysiology (IF: 4.755), https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.946718, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.946718/abstract, 14 July 2022.

Gavin S Chu, Xin Li, Peter James Stafford, Frederique Jos Vanheusden, João Salinet, Tiago Paggi De Almeida, Nawshin Dastagir, Alastair J Sandilands, Paulus Kirchhof, Fernando Soares Schlindwein, G. Andre Ng, “Simultaneous Whole-chamber Non-contact Mapping of Highest Dominant Frequency Sites during Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: a Prospective Ablation Study”, Frontiers in Physiology - Cardiac Electrophysiology (IF:4.755) https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.826449/abstract, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.826449, 16 March 2022.

G. Andre Ng, Amar Mistry, Michelle Newton , Fernando Schlindwein, Craig Barr , Matthew GD Bates, Jane Caldwell, Moloy Das, Mohsin Farooq, Neil Herring, Pier Lambiase, Faizel Osman, Manav Sohal, Andrew Staniforth, Muzahir Tayebjee, David Tomlinson, Zachary Whinnett, Arthur Yue, Will B Nicolson, “Rationale and study design of the MINERVA study: Multicentre Investigation of Novel Electrocardiogram Risk markers in Ventricular Arrhythmia prediction—UK multicentre collaboration”, BMJ Open, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059527, 8 December 2021.

Tiago P. Almeida*, Xin Li*, Sidhu Bharat, Arthur S. Bezerra, Mahmoud Ehnesh, Ibrahim Anton, Ibrahim A. Nasser, Gavin S. Chu, Peter J. Stafford, Takashi Yoneyama, G. Andre Ng, Fernando S. Schlindwein, Dominant Frequency and Organization Index for Substrate Identification of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation, submitted to CinC2021 - Computing in Cardiology 2021, Brno, Czech Republic, 12-15 September 2021.

Joao Salinet, Ruben Molero, Joel Karel, Fernando S. Schlindwein, Miguel Rodrigo, Jose Luis Rojo-Alvarez,  Omer Berenfeld, Andreu Climent, Brian Zerger, Frederique J. Vanheusden, Jimena Gabriela Siles Paredes, Rob McLeod, Felipe Atienza, Maria S. Guillem, Matthijs Cluitmans, Pietro Bonizzi, Electrocardiographic imaging for atrial fibrillation: a perspective from computer models and animal experiments to clinical value, Frontiers in Physiology - Cardiac Electrophysiology (IF: 3.367). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.653013, 30 April 2021.

Xin Li, Gavin S. Chu, Tiago P. Almeida, Frederique J. Vanheusden, Joao Salinet, Nawshin Dastagir, Amar R. Mistry, Zakariyya Vali, Bharat Sidhu, Peter J. Stafford, Fernando S. Schlindwein, G. Andre Ng, Automatic Extraction of Recurrent Patterns of High Dominant Frequency Mapping during Human Persistent Atrial Fibrillation, Frontiers in Physiology, (IF:3.367), https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.649486 12 March 2021.

Tiago Paggi de Almeida, Xin Li, Sidhu Bharat, Zakariyya Vali, Gavin S. Chu, Peter J. Stafford, Michela Masa, Flavia Ravelli, Fernando S. Schlindwein, G. Andre Ng, All roads lead to Rome but some may be more convoluted - differential behaviour in persistent atrial fibrillation termination during catheter ablation, T26th Annual International AF Symposium, USA, 29-31 January 2021.

Tiago P. Almeida, Diogo C. Soriano, Michela Masa, Flavia Ravelli, Arthur S. Bezerra, Xin Li, Gavin S. Chu, Joao Salinet, Peter J. Stafford, G. Andre Ng, Fernando S. Schlindwein, Takashi Yoneyama, Unsupervised Classification of Atrial Electrograms for Electroanatomic Mapping of Human Persistent Atrial Fibrillation, IEEE TBME (ref. TBME-00585-2020), (IF 4.288), https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2020.3021480, 29 August 2020.

Xin Li* , Tiago P. Almeida, Nawshin Dastagir, Maria S. Guillem, Joao Salinet, Gavin S. Chu, Peter J. Stafford, Fernando S. Schlindwein and G. Andre Ng, Standardising single-frame phase singularity identification algorithms and parameters in phase mapping during human atrial fibrillation, Frontiers in Physiology - Cardiac Electrophysiology (IF:3.367), 21 June 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00869 .

X Li, B Sidhu, T P Almeida, M Ehnesh, A Mistry, Z Vali, V Pooranachandran, G S Chu, P J Stafford, Fernando S. Schlindwein, G A Ng, Could regional electrogram desynchronization identified using mean phase coherence be potential ablation targets in persistent atrial fibrillation? EP Europace (IF: 5.231), Volume 22, Issue Supplement_1, June 2020, euaa162.013, https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa162.013, Published 18 June 2020.

Tiago P. Almeida, Xin Li, Diogo C. Soriano, Fernando S. Schlindwein, G. Andre Ng, "Pitfalls in the definition of complex fractionated atrial electrograms for atrial fibrillation studies" Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, (IF: 3.475), https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.14302, 4 December 2019.

Signal processing associated with Biological signals.

EG4324/EG7324 - Signal Processing; EG1201-Electrical Engineering (Dalian, China).

Application of Engineering tools to characterise and treat cardiac arrhythmias.

Associated Editor of Frontiers in Physiology; External Examiner of the University of Lincoln.

. Using Engineering to treat cardiac arrhythmias, Dr. Fernando S. Schlindwein, Brno, Chech Republic, 8 November 2022. Invited lecture.

. Can sequentially collected electrograms be effectively used for dominant frequency mapping during persistent AF? Xin Li, Charlie Hugill, Gavin S. Chu, Mahmoud Ehnesh, Tiago P. Almeida, Bharat Sidhu, Ibrahim Antoun, Ahmed Kotb, Peter J. Stafford, G. Andre Ng, Fernando S. Schlindwein, CinC2022 – Computing in Cardiology 2022, Tampere, Finland, https://events.tuni.fi/cinc2022/, 4-7 September 2022.

. Transfer Learning in Heart Sound Classification using Mel spectrogram, Xin Li, G Andre Ng, Fernando S Schlindwein, CinC2022 – Computing in Cardiology 2022, Tampere, Finland, https://events.tuni.fi/cinc2022/,  4-7 September 2022.

. Use of AI algorithms to assess heart rate variability in IUGR and normal children, Taher Biala, Sau Nguyen Vana, João Alexandre Lobo Marques, Ye Lia and Fernando Schlindwein, CinC2022 – Computing in Cardiology 2022, Tampere, Finland, https://events.tuni.fi/cinc2022/, 4-7 September 2022.

. An Intelligent System Based on Heart Rate Variability Measures and Machine Learning Techniques for Classification of Normal and Growth Restricted Children, Abdulrhman Wassil Al-Jedaani, Wajid Aziz, Abdulrahman A. Alshdadi, Mohammed Alqarni, Malik Sajjad Ahmed Nadeem, Mike P. Wailoo, Fernando S. Schlindwein, WITS2020, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded, and Intelligent Systems, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6893-4_10, 22 July 2021.

. Unsupervised classification of dimension-reduced principal component scores from persistent atrial fibrillation electrograms, Nadim Asif, Xin Li, Gavin S. Chu, Diogo C. Soriano, Michela Masè, Flavia Ravelli, Arthur S. Bezerra, Takashi Yoneyama, Peter J. Stafford, G. André Ng, Fernando S. Schlindwein, Tiago P. Almeida, 17^th International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis and 10th Symposium on Medical Instrumentation and Imaging, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2606172, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 17-19 November 2021.

. Correlation Between Rotors and Changes in Atrial Fibrillation Cycle Length in PersAF, Mahmoud Ehnesh, Xin Li, Tiago P. Almeida, Gavin S. Chu, Nawshin Dastagir, P.J. Stafford, G. Andre Ng, and Fernando S. Schlindwein, Atrial Signals 2021, Karlsruhe, Germany, 23-25 September, 2021.

. Spatiotemporal Behaviour of Human Persistent Atrial Fibrillation from Long-duration Recordings, Mahmoud Ehnesh, Xin Li, Tiago Paggi de Almeida, Sidhu Bharat, Ibrahim Antoun, Nawshin Dastagir, Peter Stafford,, G. Andre Ng and Fernando Schlindwein, CinC2021 – Computing in Cardiology 2021, Brno, Czech Republic, 12-15 September 2021. https://doi.org/10.23919/CinC53138.2021.9662796

. Dominant Frequency and Organization Index for Substrate Identification of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation, Tiago P. Almeida*, Xin Li*, Sidhu Bharat, Arthur S. Bezerra, Mahmoud Ehnesh, Ibrahim Anton, Ibrahim A. Nasser, Gavin S. Chu, Peter J. Stafford, Takashi Yoneyama, G. André Ng, Fernando S. Schlindwein, CinC2021 – Computing in Cardiology 2021, Brno, Czech Republic, 12-15 September 2021. https://doi.org/10.23919/CinC53138.2021.9662648

BEng (1st class Hons); MSc (distinction); CEng (IPEM); SFHEA; PhD; DSc.