Dr Char Leung

My research interests include,

• epidemiology of viral respiratory infections such as COVID-19, influenza, and the common cold
• healthcare in Brazil
• modeling data with time series analysis and stochastic differential equations
• health economic models and real estate economics

Journal articles

• Dyu T, Leung C, Simões-E-Silva AC. Effectiveness of AstraZeneca vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 (ChAdox1-S) in reducing in-hospital mortality in individuals with COVID-19 and schizophrenia: A retrospective cohort study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024;20(1):2379865. doi:10.1080/21645515.2024.2379865

• Keshtkar L, Ward A, Winter R, Leung C, Howick J. Does empathy decline in the clinical phase of medical education? PEC Innovation. 2024; 5:100316. doi:10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100316

• Leung C, King AN, Barker PRA, Alshallal AD, Lee JY, Su L. Global seroprevalence and prevalence of infection of influenza in dogs (Canis familiaris): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol. 2024;34(3):e2542. doi:10.1002/rmv.2542

• Leung C, Su L, Taylor L, Oliveira EA, E Silva ACS. Su L, Taylor L, Oliveira EA, Simões E Silva AC. Effectiveness of oseltamivir in reducing COVID-19-related in-hospital deaths: A pharmacoepidemiological study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2024;63(4):107111. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107111

• Leung C, Konya L, Su L. Postpandemic immunity debt of influenza in the USA and England: an interrupted time series study. Public Health. 2024; 227:239-242. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.009

• Leung C, Su L, M Machida. How outbreaks in different settings contribute to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the era of “living with COVID”: the case of Japan. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023 Feb;31:100685. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100685
  
  
• Leung C, Su L, Simões-e-Silva AC, Selle Arocha L, de Paiva KM, Haas P. Risk for severe illness and death among pediatric patients with Down syndrome hospitalized for COVID-19, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Jan. doi: 10.3201/eid2901.220530

• Leung C, Su L, Simões-E-Silva AC. Better healthcare can reduce the risk of COVID-19 in-hospital postpartum maternal death: Evidence from Brazil. Int J Epidemiol. 2022; online ahead of print. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyac157

• Leung C, Simões-E-Silva AC, Oliveira EA. Is in-hospital COVID-19 mortality and morbidity associated with gestational age? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2022;60(2):234-242. doi: 10.1002/uog.24931

• Leung C, Khong KW, Chan KH, Lacerda MVG, Frank CHM. Difference in the clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatrics before and after the emergence of P.1 lineage. Pediatr Res. 2022; online ahead of print. doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02046-3

• Leung C, Selle L, de Paiva KM, Haas P. Neonates are more vulnerable to symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection than children: a matched cohort study in Brazil. World J Pediatr. 2022;18:437-442. doi:10.1007/s12519-022-00542-4

• Leung C, de Paiva KM. Is pregnancy a risk factor for in-hospital mortality in reproductive-aged women with SARS-CoV-2 infection? A nationwide retrospective observational cohort study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;157(1):121-129. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.14066

• Leung C. Guillain-Barre syndrome should be monitored upon mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(9):2957-2958. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1922061 

• Leung C. Reply to Beken et al. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021;32(5):1131-1132. doi:10.1111/pai.13463

• Leung C. The younger the milder clinical course of COVID-19: even in newborns? Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021;32(2):358-362. doi:10.1111/pai.13371

• Leung C, Wong APY. The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the intestine in COVID-19: more research needed. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2020;13(4):280-281. doi:10.22037/ghfbb.v13i4.1982 

• Leung C, Sridhar S, Ho PL. Covid-19 outbreak in Hong Kong: Public health, surgical masks, and hand hygiene. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(7):941-942. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305719 

• Leung C. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children: are they similar to those of SARS? Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(7):1592-1597. doi:10.1002/ppul.24855 

• Leung C. Risk factors for predicting mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19: a review of clinical data in China. Mech Ageing Dev. 2020;188:111255. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2020.111255 

• Leung C. Comment on Li et al.: COVID‐19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta‐analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92(9):1431-1432. doi:10.1002/jmv.25912 

• Leung C. The difference in the incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection between travelers to Hubei and nontravelers: The need for a longer quarantine period. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41(5):594-596. doi:10.1017/ice.2020.81 

• Leung C. Clinical features of deaths in the novel coronavirus epidemic in China. Rev Med Virol. 2020;30(3):e2103. doi:10.1002/rmv.2103

• Leung C. A lesson learnt from the emergence of Zika virus: What flaviviruses can trigger Guillain-Barré syndrome? J Med Virol. 2020;92(12):2938-2945. doi:10.1002/jmv.25717 

• Leung C. Estimated incubation period for mosquito-borne disease-related Guillain-Barre syndrome. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;8(1):244-250. doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2019.08.007

Edited book (invited)

• Leung C. Clinical Management of Pediatric COVID-19: an International Perspective and Practical, edited by Leung C. Academic Press; 2023 (est). [Available at https://www.elsevier.com/books/clinical-management-of-pediatric-covid-19/leung/978-0-323-95059-6]

Book chapters (invited)

• Leung C. Epidemiology and virology. In Clinical Management of Pediatric COVID-19: an International Perspective and Practical, edited by Leung C. Academic Press; 2023 (est). [Available at https://www.elsevier.com/books/clinical-management-of-pediatric-covid-19/leung/978-0-323-95059-6]

• Leung C. The incubation period of COVID-19: current understanding and modeling technique. In Coronavirus Disease – COVID-19, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, edited by Rezaei N. Switzerland: Springer Nature; 2021. p. 81-90. 

Journal articles in statistics and real estate economics

• Leung C. Approximating the normal sample median distribution in process control. Stochastics and Quality Control. 2021;36(1):21-25. doi:10.1515/eqc-2021-0003

• Leung C. Price dynamics of properties of different classes with similar uses: a cross-sectoral study of industrial and office premises. Surveying & Built Environment. 2021;30(1):31-49.

• Leung C. Developers land sale bidding strategy and house price expectation formation, Pacific Rim Property Research Journal. 2019;25(1):39-48.

• Leung C. How will the new land sale rule affect developers’ bidding strategy? A game theoretic approach. Surveying & Built Environment. 2018;27(1):58-65.

I am happy to supervise postgraduate students on the following topics. Please contact me for further details.

• Risk factor analysis
• Cohort studies using regression, survival analysis, and time series models

I now have the following self-funded PhD project available. Please contact me for further details.

• Evaluating Hospital Care Quality for Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Brazil

Current and past students I supervise,

• Angela Burvill, MD (MPhil in Population Health Sciences, University of Cambridge)
  Project title: Effectiveness of oseltamivir in hospitalised obstetric patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using a Brazilian national database

• Tiffany Dyu (BSc, University of Leicester)
  Project title: Effectiveness of an AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOx1-S) against SARS-CoV-2 in reducing in-hospital all-cause mortality in individuals with COVID-19 and schizophrenia: a retrospective cohort study

• Shreya Jambulingam (BSc, University of Leicester)
  Project title: How is obesity associated with higher risk of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality? A retrospective cohort study in Brazil

• Imogen Sawyer (MPhil in Population Health Sciences, University of Cambridge)
  Project title: Maternal determinants of influenza outcomes in Brazil: an analysis using a nationwide database

• Szu-Chia Huang (MPhil in Population Health Sciences, University of Cambridge)
  Project title: Patient age and the risk for in-hospital common cold mortality and morbidity in Brazil: A nationwide database analysis

• Szonja Spanyol (BSc, University of Leicester)
  Project title: Is autism spectrum disorder an in-hospital mortality risk among patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

PaSS2 (Epidemiology), MBChB

Public Health (BS3081), B. Clinical Sciences

Respiratory and Cancer Precision Medicine (BS3083),  B. Clinical Sciences

Introductory Statistics, Masterclass for postgraduate students

Guest associate editor, Frontiers in Pain Research

Guest associate editor, Frontiers in Neurology

I have reviewed book chapters for the following publisher:

• Cambridge University Press

I have been a reviewer for the following journals.

• American Journal of Infection Control
• American Journal of Preventive Medicine
• American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene
• Annals of Translational Medicine
• BMC Geriatric
• BMC Neurology
• BMC Public Health
• BMC Pulmonary Medicine
• BMC Research Notes
• Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
• Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
• Clinical and Experimental Medicine
• Clinical Epidemiology
• Clinical Interventions in Aging
• Current Medical Research & Opinion
• Discover Public Health
• Emerging Infectious Diseases
• Emerging Microbes and Infections
• Experimental Aging Research
• Frontiers in Medicine
• Frontiers in Microbiology
• Frontiers in Public Health
• Future Science OA
• Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
• Infection
• Infection and Drug Resistance
• Infectious Diseases
• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
• Infectious Disease Reports
• Internal and Emergency Medicine
• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• International Journal of General Medicine
• International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
• International Journal of Medical Sciences
• Journal of Clinical Medicine
• Journal of Inflammation Research
• Journal of Pregnancy
• Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
• Medicine
• Microbial Drug Resistance
• Neurocritical Care
• Obstetrics and Gynecology International
• Open Access Emergency Medicine
• Open Veterinary Journal
• Patient Preference and Adherence
• Pediatrics
• Pulmonary Medicine
• QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
• Reviews in Medical Virology
• Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
• SAGE Open Medicine
• Signa Vitae
• Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
• Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
• Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
• Virologica Sinica

Top cited paper in J Med Virol between 2020 and 2021 (https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2103)
Editor's Choice in Pediatr Allergy Immunol (https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13371)
Honorary Fellow (2019-2022), Deakin University, Australia

MPhil in Population Health Sciences (Cantab)

PhD in Econometrics (La Trobe)

B.Arts/B.Economics (Hons I) (La Trobe) 

Chartered Statistician (CStat), Royal Statistical Society

Fellow (FHEA), Advance HE